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Russian battleship Imperatritsa Mariya
''Imperatritsa Mariya'' ((ロシア語:Императрица Мария): ''Empress Maria'') was one of three dreadnoughts built for the Imperial Russian Navy, lead ship of her class. Construction began before World War I and she served with the Black Sea Fleet during the war. She covered older pre-dreadnought battleships as they bombarded Ottoman facilities in 1915 and engaged the ex-German light cruiser ''Midilli'' several times without inflicting anything more serious than splinter damage. ''Imperatritsa Mariya'' was sunk at anchor in Sevastopol by a magazine explosion in late 1916, killing 228 crewmen. She was subsequently raised, but her condition was very poor, and she was finally scrapped in 1926.
==Description==
''Imperatritsa Mariya'' was long at the waterline. She had a beam of and a draft of . Her displacement was at load, more than her designed displacement of .〔McLaughlin, p. 228〕 She proved to be very bow-heavy in service and tended to ship large amounts of water through her forward casemates.〔Gardner & Gray, p. 303〕 The ammunition for the forward guns was reduced from 100 to 70 rounds each while the ammunition was reduced from 245 to 100 rounds per gun in an attempt to compensate for her trim. This did not fully cure the problem, but ''Imperatritsa Mariya'' was lost before any other changes could be implemented.〔McLaughlin, p. 237〕
The ship was fitted with four Parsons-type steam turbines imported from John Brown & Company of the United Kingdom. They were designed for a total of , but produced on her sea trials using steam produced by 20 mixed-firing triangular Yarrow boilers with a working pressure of . Designed speed was . Her maximum coal capacity was plus of fuel oil which gave her a range of at maximum speed. All of her electrical power was generated by three Curtis main turbo generators and two auxiliary units.〔McLaughlin, pp. 229, 235–37〕
Her main armament consisted of a dozen 12-inch Obukhovskii Pattern 1907 guns mounted in four triple gun turrets distributed the length of the ship. Her secondary armament consisted of twenty 130 mm B7 Pattern 1913 guns mounted in casemates. They were arranged in two groups, six guns per side from the forward turret to the rear funnel and the remaining four were clustered around the rear turret. She was fitted with four anti-aircraft guns, one mounted on the roof of each turret. Four submerged torpedo tubes were carried, two tubes on each broadside abaft the forward magazine.〔McLaughlin, pp. 233–34〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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